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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
August 2008
FAN100 Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Features
Constant-Voltage (CV) and Constant-current (CC) Control without Secondary-feedback Circuitry Green Mode PWM Frequency Linearly Decreasing Fixed PWM Frequency at 42kHz with Frequency Hopping to Solve EMI Problem Low Startup Current: 10A Low Operating Current: 3.5mA Peak-Current-Mode Control in CV Mode Cycle-by-Cycle Current Limiting VDD Over-Voltage Protection with Auto-Restart VDD Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) Gate Output Maximum Voltage Clamped at 18V Fixed Over-temperature Protection with Latch SOP-8 Package Available
Description
This highly integrated PWM controller, FAN100, provides several features to enhance the performance of low-power flyback converters. The proprietary topology enables simplified circuit design for battery charger applications. A low-cost, smaller, and lighter charger results when compared to a conventional design or a linear transformer. The startup current is only 10A, which allows use of large startup resistance for further power saving. To minimize the standby power consumption, the proprietary green-mode function provides off-time modulation to linearly decrease PWM frequency under light-load conditions. This green-mode function assists the power supply meeting the power conservation requirements. Using FAN100, a charger can be implemented with fewest external components and minimized cost. A typical output CV/CC characteristic envelope is shown in Figure 1. FAN100 controller is available in an 8-pin SOP package.
Applications
Battery chargers for cellular phones, cordless phones, PDA, digital cameras, power tools Replaces linear transformer and RCC SMPS
Related Resources
AN-6067 Design Guide for FAN100/102/FSEZ1016A/1216
Figure 1. Typical Output V-I Characteristic
Ordering Information
Part Number
FAN100MY
Operating Temperature Range
-40C to +105C
Eco Status
Green
Package
8-Lead, Small Outline Package (SOP-8)
Packing Method
Tape & Reel
For Fairchild's definition of "green" Eco Status, please visit: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/company/green/rohs_green.html.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Application Diagram
Figure 2. Typical Application
Internal Block Diagram
VDD
Brownout Protection
Vsah Vsah IPK
Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0 www.fairchildsemi.com 2
FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Marking Information
F- Fairchild logo Z- Plant Code X- 1 digit year code Y- 1 digit week code TT: 2 digits die run code T: Package type (M=SOP) P: Z: Pb free, Y: Green package M: Manufacture flow code
DXYTT ZXYTT FAN100 TPM
Figure 4. Top Mark
Pin Configuration CS GND COMI COMV GATE VDD GND VS
Figure 5. Pin Configuration
Pin Definitions
Pin #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Name
CS GND COMI COMV VS GND VDD GATE
Description
Analog input, current sense. Connected to a current-sense resistor for peak-current-mode control in CV mode. The current-sense signal is also provided for output-current regulation in CC mode. Voltage reference, ground. Analog output, current compensation. Output of the current error amplifier. Connect a capacitor between COMI pin and GND for frequency compensation. Analog output, voltage compensation. Output of the voltage error amplifier. Connect a capacitor between COMV pin and GND for frequency compensation. Analog input, voltage sense. Output-voltage-sense input for output-voltage regulation. Voltage reference, ground. Supply, power supply. Driver output. The totem-pole output driver to drive the power MOSFET.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only.
Symbol
VVDD VVS VCS VCOMV VCOMI PD JA JC TJ TSTG TL ESD DC Supply Voltage VS Pin Input Voltage CS Pin Input Voltage
Parameter
(1,2)
Min.
-0.3 -0.3 -0.3 -0.3
Max.
30 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 660 150 39 +150
Unit
V V V V V mW C /W C /W C C C KV V
Voltage Error Amplifier Output Voltage Voltage Error Amplifier Output Voltage Power Dissipation (TA50C) Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Air) Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Case) Operating Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Wave Soldering or IR, 10 Seconds) Electrostatic Capability, Human Body Model, JEDEC: JESD22-A114 Electrostatic Capability, Charged Device Model, JEDEC: JESD22-C101
-55
+150 +260 4.5 2000
Notes: 1. Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. 2. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are given with respect to GND pin.
Recommended Operating Conditions
The Recommended Operating Conditions table defines the conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings.
Symbol
TA
Parameter
Operating Ambient Temperature
Conditions
Min.
-40
Typ.
Max.
+105
Unit
C
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Electrical Characteristics
VDD=15V and TA=25C, unless otherwise specified.
Symbol VDD SECTION
VOP VDD-ON VDD-OFF IDD-OP
Parameter
Continuously Operating Voltage Turn-On Threshold Voltage Turn-Off Threshold Voltage Operating Current Green Mode Operating Supply Current VDD Over-Voltage Protection Level VDD Over-Voltage Protection Debounce Time Center Frequency
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
25
Units
V V V mA
15 4.5 VDD=20V, fS=fOSC, VVS=2V, VCS=3V, CL=1nF VDD=20V, VVS=2.7V fS=fOSC-N-MIN, VCS=0V CL=1nF, VCOMV=0V VCS=3V, VVS=2.3V fS=fOSC, VVS=2.3V 27 100
16 5.0 3.5
17 5.5 5.0
IDD-GREEN VDD-OVP tD-VDDOVP
1 28 250
2 29 400
mA V s
OSCILLATOR SECTION
TA=25C TA=25C TA=25C VVS=2.7V, VCOMV=0V VVS=2.3V, VCS=0.5V VDD=10V to 25V TA=-40C to 85C 39 1.8 42 2.6 3 550 20 5 15 45 KHz 3.6 ms Hz KHz % %
fOSC
Frequency
Frequency Hopping Range
tFHR fOSC-N-MIN fOSC-CM-MIN fDV fDT
Frequency Hopping Period Minimum Frequency at No Load Minimum Frequency at CCM Frequency Variation vs. VDD Deviation Frequency Variation vs. Temperature Deviation Sink Current for Brownout Protection IC Compensation Bias Current Adaptive Bias Voltage Dominated by VCOMV
VOLTAGE-SENSE SECTION
IVS-UVP Itc VBIAS-COMV RVS=20K 125 9.5
VCOMV=0V, TA=25C, RVS=20K
A A V
1.4
Continued on following page...
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
VDD=15V and TA=25C, unless otherwise specified.
Symbol
Parameter
Propagation Delay to GATE Output Minimum On Time at No Load Minimum On Time in CC Mode Duty Cycle of SAW Limiter Threshold Voltage for Current Limit
Conditions
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units
Current-Sense Section
tPD tMIN-N tMINCC DSAW VTH 100 VVS=-0.8V, RS=2K, VCOMV=1V VVS=0V, VCOMV=2V 1100 400 40 1.3 200 ns ns ns % V
Voltage-Error-Amplifier Section
VVR VN VG IV-SINK IV-SOURCE VV-HGH VIR II-SINK II-SOURCE VI-HGH Reference Voltage Green Mode Starting Voltage on fS=fOSC-2KHz VVS=2.3V COMV Pin Green Mode Ending Voltage on COMV Pin Output Sink Current Output Source Current Output High Voltage Reference Voltage Output Sink Current Output Source Current Output High Voltage VCS=3V, VCOMI=2.5V VCS=0V, VCOMI=2.5V VCS=0V 4.5 fS=1KHz VVS=3V, VCOMV=2.5V VVS=2V, VCOMV=2.5V VVS=2.3V 4.5 2.475 2.500 55 55 2.525 2.475 2.500 2.8 0.8 90 90 2.525 V V V A A V V A A V
Current-Error-Amplifier Section
Gate Section
DCYMAX VOL VOH VOH_MIN tr tf VCLAMP Maximum Duty Cycle Output Voltage Low Output Voltage High Output Voltage High Rising Time Falling Time Output Clamp Voltage VDD=20V, IO=10mA VDD=8V, IO=1mA VDD=5.5V, IO=1mA VDD=20V, CL=1nF VDD=20V, CL=1nF VDD=25V 5 4 200 80 15 300 150 18 75 1.5 % V V V ns ns V
Over-Temperature-Protection Section
TOTP Threshold Temperature for (3) OTP +140
o
C
Note: 3. When over-temperature protection is activated, the power system enters latch mode and output is disabled.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
17
5.5
16.6
5.3
VDD-OFF (V)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
VDD-ON (V)
16.2
5.1
15.8
4.9
15.4
4.7
15
4.5 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 6. Turn-on Threshold Voltage (VDD-ON) vs. Temperature
Figure 7. Turn-off Threshold Voltage (VDD-OFF) vs. Temperature
4
47 45 43 41 39 37 35 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
3.6
IDD-OP (mA)
3.2
2.8
2.4
2 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
fOSC (KHz)
Temperature (C)
Figure 8. Operating Current (IDD-OP) vs. Temperature
Figure 9. Center Frequency (fOSC) vs. Temperature
2.525
2.525
2.515
2.515
VVR (V)
2.495
VIR (V)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
2.505
2.505
2.495
2.485
2.485
2.475
2.475 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 10. Reference Voltage (VVR) vs. Temperature
Figure 11. Reference Voltage (VIR) vs. Temperature
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
600
23 22
580
fOSC-CM-MIN (KHz)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
fOSC-N-MIN (Hz)
21 20 19 18 17 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
560
540
520
500
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 12. Minimum Frequency at No Load (fOSC-N-MIN) vs. Temperature
Figure 13. Minimum Frequency at CCM (fOSC-CM-MIN) vs. Temperature
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
1250
1170
SG (kHz/V)
tMIN-N (ns)
1090
1010
930
850 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 14. Green Mode Frequency Decreasing Rate (SG) vs. Temperature
Figure 15. Minimum On Time at No Load (tMIN-N) vs. Temperature
3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
1
0.8
VG (V)
VN (V)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 16. Green Mode Starting Voltage on COMV Pin (VN) vs. Temperature
Figure 17. Green Mode Ending Voltage on COMV Pin (VG) vs. Temperature
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Typical Performance Characteristics
95 92
95
91
IV-SOURCE (A)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
89
IV-SINK (A)
86 83 80 77 74
87
83
79
75 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 18. Output Sink Current (IV-SINK) vs. Temperature
Figure 19. Output Source Current (IV-SOURCE) vs. Temperature
60
60
58
58
II-SOURCE (A)
-40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
II-SINK (A)
56
56
54
54
52
52
50
50 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Figure 20. Output Sink Current (II-SINK) vs. Temperature
Figure 21. Output Source Current (II-SOURCE) vs. Temperature
80
76
DCYMAX (%)
72
68
64
60 -40 -30 -15 0 25 50 75 85 100 125
Temperature (C)
Figure 22. Maximum Duty Cycle (DCYMAX) vs. Temperature
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Functional Description
The proprietary topology of FAN100 enables simplified circuit design for battery charger applications. Without secondary feedback circuitry, the CV and CC control are achieved accurately. As shown in Figure 23, with the frequency-hopping PWM operation, EMI problems can be solved by using minimized filter components. FAN100 also provides many protection functions. The VDD pin is equipped with over-voltage protection and with under-voltage lockout. Pulse-by-pulse current limiting and CC control ensure over-current protection at heavy loads. The GATE output is clamped at 15V to protect the external MOSFET from over-voltage damage. Internal over-temperature-protection function shuts down the controller with latch when over-heated. further power savings and meeting international power conservation requirements.
Figure 24.
Green Mode Frequency vs. VCOMV
Constant Voltage (CV) and Constant Current (CC) Operation
An innovative technique allows the FAN100 to accurately achieve CV/CC characteristic output without secondary side voltage or current-feedback circuitry. A feedback signal for CV/CC operation from the reflected voltage across the primary auxiliary winding is proportional to secondary winding, so it provides the controller the feedback signal from the secondary side and achieves constant voltage output property. In constant-current-output operation, this voltage signal is detected and examined by the precise constant current regulation controller, which then determines the on-time of the MOSFET to control input power and provide constant current output property. With feedback voltage VCS across current-sense resistor, the controller can obtain input power of power supply. Therefore, the region of constant current output operation can be adjusted by the current-sense resistor.
Figure 23.
Frequency Hopping
Startup Current
The startup current is 10A. Low startup current allows a startup resistor with a high resistance and a lowwattage to supply the startup power for the controller. A 1.5M, 0.25W, startup resistor and a 10F/25V VDD hold-up capacitor are sufficient for an AC-to-DC power adapter with a wide input range (100VAC to 240VAC)
Operating Current
The operating current has been reduced to 3.5mA. The low operating current results in higher efficiency and reduces the VDD hold-up capacitance requirement. Once FAN100 enters "deep" green mode, the operating current is reduced to 1.2mA, which assists the power supply meeting power conservation requirements.
Temperature Compensation
Built-in temperature compensation provides better constant voltage regulation at different ambient temperatures. This internal compensation current is a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) current that can compensate the forward-voltage drop of the secondary diode of varying with temperature. This variation causes output voltage rising at high temperature.
Green Mode Operation
Figure 24 shows the characteristics of the PWM frequency vs. the output voltage of the error amplifier (VCOMV). The FAN100 uses the positive, proportional, output load parameter (VCOMV) as an indication of the output load for modulating the PWM frequency. In heavy load conditions, the PWM frequency is fixed at 42KHz. Once VCOMV is lower than VN, the PWM frequency starts to linearly decrease from 42KHz to 550Hz, providing
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Leading-Edge Blanking (LEB)
Each time the power MOSFET is switched on, a turn-on spike occurs at the sense resistor. To avoid premature termination of the switching pulse, a leading-edge blanking time is built in. Conventional RC filtering can be omitted. During this blanking period, the current-limit comparator is disabled and cannot switch off the gate driver.
Built-in Slope Compensation
The sensed voltage across the current-sense resistor is used for current-mode control and pulse-by-pulse current limiting. Built-in slope compensation improves stability and prevents sub-harmonic oscillations due to peak-current mode control. The FAN100 has a synchronized, positively-sloped ramp built-in at each switching cycle.
Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
The turn-on and turn-off thresholds are fixed internally at 16V and 5V. During start-up, the hold-up capacitor must be charged to 16V through the startup resistor to enable the FAN100. The hold-up capacitor continues to supply VDD until power can be delivered from the auxiliary winding of the main transformer. VDD must not drop below 5V during this startup process. This UVLO hysteresis window ensures that hold-up capacitor is adequate to supply VDD during start-up.
Noise Immunity
Noise from the current sense or the control signal can cause significant pulse-width jitter, particularly in continuous-conduction mode. While slope compensation helps alleviate these problems, further precautions should still be taken. Good placement and layout practices should be followed. Avoiding long PCB traces and component leads, locating compensation and filter components near the FAN100, and increasing the power MOS gate resistance are advised.
VDD Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)
VDD over-voltage protection prevents damage due to over-voltage conditions. When the voltage VDD exceeds 28V due to abnormal conditions, PWM pulses are disabled until the VDD voltage drops below the UVLO, then starts up again. Over-voltage conditions are usually caused by open feedback loops.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The built-in temperature-sensing circuit to shut down PWM output once the junction temperature exceeds 140C. While PWM output is shut down, the VDD voltage gradually drops to the UVLO voltage. Some of the FAN100's internal circuits are shut down and VDD gradually starts increasing again. When VDD reaches 16V, all the internal circuits, including the temperature sensing circuit, start operating normally. If the junction temperature is still higher than 140C, the PWM controller shuts down immediately. This situation continues until the temperature drops below 110C.
Gate Output
The BiCMOS output stage is a fast totem pole gate driver. Cross conduction has been avoided to minimize heat dissipation, increase efficiency, and enhance reliability. The output driver is clamped by an internal 15V Zener diode to protect power MOSFET transistors against undesired over-voltage gate signals.
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Applications Information
L R1 18R L 1 2 D1 1N4007 D3 1N4007 CR47R R6 D6 72 SB560 2 R5 270 3 4 1 1 C2 102P 1 P2 1 L1 5uH 2 +C3 560uF/10V +C4 330uF/6.3V P4 5 TR ANS33 6 R7 510 2
2
1
2 R2 750K + C5 1uF /400V 1 2 +C6 10uF/400V R3 750K R4 100K 1 IN4007 C1 472PF/1KV D5 2
T1
VO
2
D2 1N4007 N 1 2
1 D4 1N4007
1 1 L3 1mH
N N3
2
2
SGND
D7 1 FR103 2 C7 + 10uF/50V 1 R9 137K 2
U1 7 4 3 6 C8 0.1uF R10 47K C9 10nF R11 200K C10 68nF VDD COMV COMI GND FAN100 VS GATE CS GND 5 8 1 2
C12 22P
R16 30K Q1
1 R13 47R R14 100R 3 R15 1R4 1N60
Figure 25. 5W (5V/1A) Application Circuit
BOM
Designator
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 D6 D7 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C12 R1 R2, R3 1N4007 SB560 FR103 CC 4.7nF/1KV 1nF EC 560F/10V EC 330F/6.3V EC 1F/400V EC 10F/400V EC 10F/50V 0.1F 10nF 68nF 22pF R 18 R 750K
Part Type
R4 R5 R6 R7 R9 R10 R11 R13 R14 R15 R16 L1 L3 Q1 T1 U1
Designator
R 100K R 270 R 47 R 510 R 137K R 47K R 200K R 47 R 100 R 1.4 R 30K 5H 1mH
2
Part Type
MOSFET 1A/600V EE16 (1.5mH) IC FAN100
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
Physical Dimensions
5.00 4.80 3.81
8 5
A
0.65
B
6.20 5.80
4.00 3.80
1 4
1.75
5.60
PIN ONE INDICATOR
(0.33)
1.27
0.25
M
CBA
1.27
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION
0.25 0.10 1.75 MAX
C 0.10 0.51 0.33 0.50 x 45 0.25 C
SEE DETAIL A
0.25 0.19
OPTION A - BEVEL EDGE
R0.10 R0.10
GAGE PLANE
0.36
OPTION B - NO BEVEL EDGE
NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED A) THIS PACKAGE CONFORMS TO JEDEC MS-012, VARIATION AA, ISSUE C, B) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. C) DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR BURRS. D) LANDPATTERN STANDARD: SOIC127P600X175-8M. E) DRAWING FILENAME: M08AREV13
8 0 0.90 0.406
SEATING PLANE
(1.04)
DETAIL A
SCALE: 2:1
Figure 26. 8-Lead, Small Outline Package (SOP-8)
Package drawings are provided as a service to customers considering Fairchild components. Drawings may change in any manner without notice. Please note the revision and/or date on the drawing and contact a Fairchild Semiconductor representative to verify or obtain the most recent revision. Package specifications do not expand the terms of Fairchild's worldwide terms and conditions, specifically the warranty therein, which covers Fairchild products. Always visit Fairchild Semiconductor's online packaging area for the most recent package drawings: http://www.fairchildsemi.com/packaging/.
(c) 2008 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN100 Rev. 1.0.0
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FAN100 -- Primary-Side-Control PWM Controller
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